# Pwn - [General knowledge](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/general-knowledge.md): Pwn refers to the exploitation of a vulnerability in a binary to gain access to sensitive data or gain unauthorized control over the service. - [STACK](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/general-knowledge/operation-of-the-stack.md): The stack is a data structure that operates as a last-in-first-out (LIFO) structure - [Variables storage](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/general-knowledge/operation-of-the-stack/variables-storage.md) - [Stack frame](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/general-knowledge/operation-of-the-stack/stack-frame.md) - [PLT and GOT](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/general-knowledge/plt-and-got.md): Dynamic Linking - [HEAP](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/general-knowledge/operation-of-the-heap.md) - [HEAP operations](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/general-knowledge/operation-of-the-heap/heap-operations.md) - [Chunk](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/general-knowledge/operation-of-the-heap/chunk.md) - [Bins](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/general-knowledge/operation-of-the-heap/bins.md): Free chunks collections - [Chunk allocation and reallocation](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/general-knowledge/operation-of-the-heap/chunk-allocation-and-reallocation.md) - [Syscall](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/general-knowledge/syscall.md): System Call - [Architectures](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/architectures.md) - [aarch32](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/architectures/aarch32.md) - [Registers](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/architectures/aarch32/registers.md) - [Instruction set](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/architectures/aarch32/instruction-set.md) - [Calling convention](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/architectures/aarch32/calling-convention.md) - [aarch64](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/architectures/aarch64.md) - [Registers](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/architectures/aarch64/registers.md) - [Instruction set](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/architectures/aarch64/instruction-set.md) - [Calling convention](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/architectures/aarch64/calling-convention.md) - [mips32](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/architectures/mips32.md) - [Registers](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/architectures/mips32/registers.md) - [Instruction set](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/architectures/mips32/instruction-set.md) - [Calling convention](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/architectures/mips32/calling-convention.md) - [mips64](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/architectures/mips64.md) - [Registers](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/architectures/mips64/registers.md) - [Instruction set](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/architectures/mips64/instruction-set.md) - [Calling convention](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/architectures/mips64/calling-convention.md) - [x86 / x64](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/architectures/x86-x64.md) - [Registers](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/architectures/x86-x64/registers.md): Main x86 and x64 registers - [Instruction set](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/architectures/x86-x64/instruction-set.md) - [Calling convention](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/architectures/x86-x64/calling-convention.md) - [Stack exploitation](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation.md) - [Stack Buffer Overflow](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation/stack-buffer-overflow.md) - [Dangerous functions](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation/stack-buffer-overflow/dangerous-functions.md) - [gets](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation/stack-buffer-overflow/dangerous-functions/gets.md) - [memcpy](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation/stack-buffer-overflow/dangerous-functions/memcpy.md) - [sprintf](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation/stack-buffer-overflow/dangerous-functions/sprintf.md) - [strcat](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation/stack-buffer-overflow/dangerous-functions/strcat.md) - [strcpy](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation/stack-buffer-overflow/dangerous-functions/strcpy.md) - [Basics](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation/stack-buffer-overflow/basics.md): Data overwrite - [Challenge example](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation/stack-buffer-overflow/basics/challenge-example.md) - [Instruction pointer Overwrite](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation/stack-buffer-overflow/instruction-pointer-overwrite.md): Arbitrary Instruction redirection - [Challenge example](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation/stack-buffer-overflow/instruction-pointer-overwrite/challenge-example.md) - [De Bruijn Sequences](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation/stack-buffer-overflow/de-bruijn-sequences.md): "Calculating" offset - [Stack reading](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation/stack-buffer-overflow/stack-reading.md): Bruteforce as stack reader - [Challenge example](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation/stack-buffer-overflow/stack-reading/challenge-example.md) - [Format string](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation/format-string.md) - [Dangerous functions](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation/format-string/dangerous-functions.md) - [printf](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation/format-string/dangerous-functions/printf.md) - [fprintf](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation/format-string/dangerous-functions/fprintf.md) - [Placeholder](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation/format-string/specifier.md) - [Data Leak](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation/format-string/data-leak.md) - [Challenge example](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation/format-string/data-leak/challenge-example.md) - [Data modification](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation/format-string/data-modification.md) - [Challenge example](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation/format-string/data-modification/data-modification.md) - [Arbitrary code execution](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation/arbitrary-code-execution.md) - [Shellcode](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation/arbitrary-code-execution/arbitrary-code-execution.md) - [ret2reg](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation/arbitrary-code-execution/ret2reg.md): Using register - [Code reuse attack](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation/arbitrary-code-execution/code-reuse-attack.md) - [Ret2plt](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation/arbitrary-code-execution/code-reuse-attack/ret2plt.md): ASLR bypass - [Ret2dlresolve](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation/arbitrary-code-execution/code-reuse-attack/ret2dlresolve.md): Resolving an arbitrary libc functions - [GOT Overwrite](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation/arbitrary-code-execution/code-reuse-attack/got-overwrite.md) - [Ret2LibC](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation/arbitrary-code-execution/code-reuse-attack/ret2libc.md) - [Leaking LibC](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation/arbitrary-code-execution/code-reuse-attack/leaking-libc.md): ASLR bypass - [Ret2csu](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation/arbitrary-code-execution/code-reuse-attack/ret2csu.md): Controlling registers - [Return Oriented Programming - ROP](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation/arbitrary-code-execution/code-reuse-attack/return-oriented-programming-rop.md) - [Sigreturn Oriented Programming - SROP](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation/arbitrary-code-execution/code-reuse-attack/sigreturn-oriented-programming-srop.md): A syscall to rule them all - [Blind Return Oriented Programming - BROP](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation/arbitrary-code-execution/code-reuse-attack/blind-return-oriented-programming-brop.md) - [Challenge example](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation/arbitrary-code-execution/code-reuse-attack/blind-return-oriented-programming-brop/challenge-example.md) - [Call Oriented Programming - COP](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation/arbitrary-code-execution/code-reuse-attack/call-oriented-programming-cop.md) - [Jump Oriented Programming - JOP](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation/arbitrary-code-execution/code-reuse-attack/jump-oriented-programming-jop.md) - [One gadget](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation/arbitrary-code-execution/code-reuse-attack/one-gadget.md): Quick win - [Stack pivoting](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation/arbitrary-code-execution/stack-pivoting.md): ROP with a small buffer - [Heap exploitation](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/heap-exploitation.md) - [Heap overflow](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/heap-exploitation/heap-overflow.md) - [Challenge example](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/heap-exploitation/heap-overflow/challenge-example.md) - [Use after free](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/heap-exploitation/use-after-free.md) - [Challenge example](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/heap-exploitation/use-after-free/challenge-example.md) - [Double free](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/heap-exploitation/double-free.md): Arbitrary write - [Unlink exploit](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/heap-exploitation/unlink-exploit.md) - [Protections](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/protections.md) - [Stack Canaries](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/protections/stack-canaries.md): Buffer Overflow prevention - [No eXecute](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/protections/no-execute.md): The shellcode prevention - [PIE](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/protections/pie.md): Position Independent Executable - [ASLR](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/protections/aslr.md): Address Space Layout Randomisation - [RELRO](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/protections/relro.md): Relocation Read-Only - [Integer overflow](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/integer-overflow.md) --- # Agent Instructions: Querying This Documentation If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question. Perform an HTTP GET request on the current page URL with the `ask` query parameter: ``` GET https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn.md?ask= ``` The question should be specific, self-contained, and written in natural language. The response will contain a direct answer to the question and relevant excerpts and sources from the documentation. Use this mechanism when the answer is not explicitly present in the current page, you need clarification or additional context, or you want to retrieve related documentation sections.